swelling especially in the chronic kidney disease patients with Arterio venous fistula, previous treatment options are limited and we used to close the fistula to reduce the limb swelling and access will be difficult for them for maintenance Hemodialysis .

Now with dedicated venous stents we are able to treat the central venous stenosis by venoplasty and stenting.

We can appreciate significant reduction in limb swelling in the first two pictures. Often under diagnosed and under treated entity